Modal System

Problem

You need accessible modals that render via portals, trap focus, close on Escape and backdrop click, support stacking, and animate in and out.

Solution

Combine Portal for DOM placement, useFocusTrap for accessibility, and signals for open/close state.

1. Base Modal Component

// src/components/Modal.ts
import { signal, effect } from '@akashjs/runtime';
import { Portal } from '@akashjs/runtime';
import { useFocusTrap } from '@akashjs/runtime';

let modalStack: string[] = [];
let nextId = 0;

export function createModal(options: { id?: string } = {}) {
  const id = options.id ?? `modal-${++nextId}`;
  const isOpen = signal(false);
  let dialogRef: HTMLElement | null = null;

  const trap = useFocusTrap(() => dialogRef, {
    returnFocus: true,
    escapeDeactivates: true,
    onDeactivate: () => close(),
  });

  function open() {
    isOpen.set(true);
    modalStack.push(id);
    requestAnimationFrame(() => trap.activate());
    document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';
  }

  function close() {
    isOpen.set(false);
    trap.deactivate();
    modalStack = modalStack.filter((m) => m !== id);
    if (modalStack.length === 0) {
      document.body.style.overflow = '';
    }
  }

  function handleBackdropClick(e: MouseEvent) {
    if (e.target === e.currentTarget) close();
  }

  function setRef(el: HTMLElement) {
    dialogRef = el;
  }

  return { isOpen, open, close, handleBackdropClick, setRef, id };
}

2. Modal Template

<!-- Usage in a page -->
<Portal target="body">
  <div :if={modal.isOpen()}
       class="modal-backdrop"
       @click={modal.handleBackdropClick}
       role="presentation">
    <div :ref={modal.setRef}
         class="modal-dialog"
         role="dialog"
         aria-modal="true"
         aria-labelledby="{modal.id}-title">

      <header class="modal-header">
        <h2 id="{modal.id}-title">Modal Title</h2>
        <button @click={modal.close} aria-label="Close" class="modal-close">
          &times;
        </button>
      </header>

      <div class="modal-body">
        <!-- Content goes here -->
      </div>

      <footer class="modal-actions">
        <button @click={modal.close}>Cancel</button>
        <button @click={handleConfirm} class="btn-primary">Confirm</button>
      </footer>
    </div>
  </div>
</Portal>

TIP

Always set aria-modal="true" and aria-labelledby pointing to the title. Screen readers need these to announce the modal correctly.

3. Confirmation Dialog

// src/components/ConfirmDialog.ts
import { signal } from '@akashjs/runtime';
import { createModal } from './Modal';

export function useConfirmDialog() {
  const modal = createModal();
  const message = signal('Are you sure?');
  let resolver: ((confirmed: boolean) => void) | null = null;

  async function confirm(msg: string): Promise<boolean> {
    message.set(msg);
    modal.open();
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      resolver = resolve;
    });
  }

  function handleYes() {
    resolver?.(true);
    modal.close();
  }

  function handleNo() {
    resolver?.(false);
    modal.close();
  }

  return { modal, message, confirm, handleYes, handleNo };
}

// Usage:
// const dialog = useConfirmDialog();
// if (await dialog.confirm('Delete this item?')) { deleteItem(); }

4. Form Modal

// src/components/FormModal.ts
import { defineForm, required, email } from '@akashjs/forms';
import { createModal } from './Modal';

const modal = createModal();

const form = defineForm({
  name: { initial: '', validators: [required()] },
  email: { initial: '', validators: [required(), email()] },
});

async function handleSubmit(values) {
  await saveContact(values);
  form.reset();
  modal.close();
}

// Reset form when modal opens
function openFormModal() {
  form.reset();
  modal.open();
}

WARNING

Always reset the form when opening a form modal. Stale validation errors from a previous session confuse users.

5. Animated Enter/Exit

.modal-backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  z-index: 1000;
  animation: fade-in 0.2s ease-out;
}

.modal-dialog {
  background: var(--color-surface, #fff);
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 0;
  max-width: 480px;
  width: 90vw;
  max-height: 85vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  box-shadow: 0 24px 48px var(--color-shadow, rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
  animation: slide-up 0.25s ease-out;
}

.modal-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border, #e0e0e0);
}

.modal-body { padding: 1.5rem; }

.modal-actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border, #e0e0e0);
}

.modal-close {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0.25rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

@keyframes fade-in { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } }
@keyframes slide-up {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(16px) scale(0.97); }
  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0) scale(1); }
}

6. Stacked Modals

// Each createModal() call gets its own z-index
// The stack tracks order, and backdrop clicks only close the topmost modal
function handleBackdropClick(e: MouseEvent) {
  if (e.target !== e.currentTarget) return;
  const topModal = modalStack[modalStack.length - 1];
  if (topModal === id) close();
}

INFO

Each stacked modal gets a progressively higher z-index. Only the topmost modal responds to Escape and backdrop clicks, preventing accidental dismissal of modals underneath.

Result

A modal system with portal rendering, focus trapping, keyboard dismissal, backdrop click handling, stacking support, and smooth CSS animations. Includes ready-made confirmation dialog and form modal patterns.